Traumatic brain injury
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
See also: Brain injury (disambiguation)
| Traumatic brain injury | |
|---|---|
| Classification and external resources | |
 CT scan showing cerebral contusions, hemorrhage within the hemispheres, subdural hematoma, and skull fractures[1] | |
| ICD-10 | S06 |
| ICD-9 | 800.0-801.9, 803.0-804.9, 850.0-854.1 |
| DiseasesDB | 5671 |
| MedlinePlus | 000028 |
| eMedicine | med/2820 neuro/153 ped/929 |
| MeSH | D001930 |
TBI is a major cause of death and disability worldwide, especially in children and young adults. Causes include falls, vehicle accidents, and violence. Prevention measures include use of technology to protect those suffering from automobile accidents, such as seat belts and sports or motorcycle helmets, as well as efforts to reduce the number of automobile accidents, such as safety education programs and enforcement of traffic laws.
Brain trauma can be caused by a direct impact or by acceleration alone. In addition to the damage caused at the moment of injury, brain trauma causes secondary injury, a variety of events that take place in the minutes and days following the injury. These processes, which include alterations in cerebral blood flow and the pressure within the skull, contribute substantially to the damage from the initial injury.
TBI can cause a host of physical, cognitive, social, emotional, and behavioral effects, and outcome can range from complete recovery to permanent disability or death. The 20th century saw critical developments in diagnosis and treatment that decreased death rates and improved outcome. Some of the current imaging techniques used for diagnosis and treatment include CT scans computed tomography and MRIs magnetic resonance imaging. Depending on the injury, treatment required may be minimal or may include interventions such as medications, emergency surgery or surgery years later. Physical therapy, speech therapy, recreation therapy, and occupational therapy may be employed for rehabilitation.
